Furnace.



M. A. MALLOY.

FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21. 1910.

Patented Aug. 31, 1915.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

lA/VE/VTUR ATTORNEY v WITNESSES" L OL\H\\BXA PLANOGRAPII co.,WASHINGTON. n. c.

M. A. MALLOY.

FURNACE.

APPLICATION mm JULY21,1910.

Patented Aug. 31, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N" ummmun...

A TTOR/VEV LEAR! A. MALLOY, OF PORTLAND,

OREGON, assIGnon, BY GRACE nUnsoN.

MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO

FURNACE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented rin 31, rain.

Application filed Ju1y21, 1910. Serial No. 573,109.

To aJZ w/zom it may concern:

Be it known that l, MARY A. MALLOY, a

prove the construction and arrangement of a furnace as to enable theperfect control of the lire; also to cause a more perfect combustionthan obtained in furnaces as heretofore constructed; incidentally toobtain greater heating value from the fuel, and to conserve the fuel onthe grate, using it only proportionately to the degree of heat desired,and to obtain this result regardless of the quantity of fuel on thegrate; also to so arrange the furnace as to prevent any great loss ofheat up the chimney, and consequent waste of fuel; also to provide meansby which the fire, with but little attention, may be retainedindefinitely at a constant degree of heat until all the fuel on thegrate is consumed, and to obtain this result regardless of the quantityof fuel. on the grate; also to avoid all danger of explosion because ofundue accumulation of gases in the combustion chamber of the furnace. Inorder to attain these results, the furnace, whatever its size or shape,must embody certain features: lit must be provided with a grate tosupport the fuel, and must have a combustion chamber which is sealedabove the grate against the ingress of air abovethe grate. It must havea draft chamber below the grate, and such draft-chamberhave an air inletcontrolled by an adjustable gate, and

the lat er adapted to continuously admit a minimum volume of air, evenwhen entirely closed. The furnace must, further, not be directlyconnected to the flue of the stack, but instead the draft and thewasteproducts of combustion must be drawn tln'ough a prssageway always openand connecting the upper part of the combustion chamber with acontrolling-draft cham ber separated from the draft-chamber and havingan outlet, constantly open, to the flue of the stack; and saidcontrolling-draft shown inthe horizontal section,

tion' of the front wall or chamber must be provided with an air inletcontrolled by an adjustable gate. Furthermore, the gate-controlledair-inlet of the draft chamber, the gate-controlled air-inlet of thecontrolling-draft chamber, and the cross-section of the outlet to thechimney from said controlling-draft chamber must be relativelyproportioned, as hereinafter fully set forth.

In the drawings constituting a part of this specification: Figure 1section illustrating my invention as embodied in a type of parlor stoveburning common fuel; Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same stove; Fig.8 is a horizontal section of the door of the fuel inlet provided in theupper-part of the casing of the combustion chamber of my stove; Fig. 4iis a horizontal section of the door of the draft chamber locateddirectly below the grated bottom of the combustion chamber; Fig. 5 is ahorizontal section taken on a line A Aof Fig. l;

Fig. 6 is a central vertical section of a parlor stove similar in typeto that shown in Fig. l,

is a central vertical excepting that the passageway from the combustionchamber to the controlling-draft chamber, instead of being a single ductas shown in Fig. 1 located at the sides, so. as to provide a greaterfuel space on the grate, as more clearly Fig. 7, which is approximatelytaken on a line BB of Fig. 6. Fig. 6 also illustrates the top of thecasing of the combustion Cl1fll11 her as provided with an angularpocket, and the top consisting of a plate having pendent flanges seatedin said pocket, and an upwardly projecting rim rendering the top plateserviceable fora vessel in which to heat water; Fig. 8 is. asectionaldetail illustrating a convenient manner of arranging a trap door in thebottom of the draft chamber, in order to permit the dumping ofaccumulated ashes onto the floor of the controlling-draft chamber,located below the draft chamber; and Fig. 9 shows a porthecontrollingdraft chamber and illustrates a means for so' hinging thedoor it of not wide open when unlatched.

Referring in the first instance to the construction illustrated in-Fig.1, it will he i, is divided into two sections,

the controllingdraft chamber 9 as to stand merely a ar, and

noted that thejcasing is vertically divided into a combustion chamber,a, which is provided with a grate b in the bottom. Below the grate, b,isa draft chamber, 0, which constitutes'also an ash-pit. This chamber isprovided with an opening or air-inlet all, covered by a gate 6, of theconstruction illustrated in Fig.- 4.; said gate having a series "ofperforations f, so that when the gates is entirely closed therewillstill be admitted a continuous minimum flow of air into thedraft-chamber, and thence through the grate bars. 6. However, instead of.a series of perforations as fin the door, any

means adapted to permit the constant inflow of aminimum volume of air,when the gate is closed, Wlll answer. Below the draftchamber" 0 isprovided a controlling-draft chamber 9, having a doorh provided with anair-inlet i controlled by a gate 7' adjustable by a latch 18; Theair-inlet i must be close to the bottom of the chamber 9. The upper partofthe combustion chamber, a, is

connected byapassage-way 70 with the up.-

" made in any convenient manner. (must be no damper in either the smokeduct per part ofthe controlling-draft chamber 9. This passage-way may bea pipe arranged as shown in Fig. 1. The chamber 9 is provided-with anoutlet, on, to the flue of the stack, the connection with such fluebeing There 70 or in the outlet m to the chimney. The

controlling-draft chamber must be deep enough to allow the smoke duct toextend 85 above the bed of fuel, so as to keep the heated gases drawnfrom the combustion chamber, through the passage-way 70, intocontrolling-draft chamber 9, and the cold air, drawn intothelattergthrough its airinletz', separated from each other; that isto,say, ;if the chamber 9 is properly propor- ,tioned,'as mentioned, thecold, heavier air j flowing in through inlet 6 will keep to the bottomofsuch chamber, following approx1- mately the lower course indicated bythe arrows c a, through outletm, while the hotter gases, drawn from thecombustion chamber, willfollow approximately the upper I 2 course,indicated by the arrows ha, through outletm. That this is true may bereadily ascertained by applying the hand to the outlet m. It will befound warm at the top ber, such lower draft, being so much stronger thanthe upper," isliable to cut off the latter,

. oaf m ee, but cause anv excessive and explochoke 'it as itwere, whichwould not only interfere with the proper working of my sive accumulationof gases in the combustion chamber. On the other hand, in myconstruction, any such dangerous condition is absolutely prevented, andcould not possibly be brought about.

The minimum air-inlet of the draft-chamber 0, the maximum air-inlet ofthe control ling-draft chamber g, and the cross-section of the outlet mof the latter, must be relatively proportioned. The maximum volume ofair admitted through the gate-controlled inlet 6 of thecontrolling-draft chamber 9 must not exceed approximately two-thirds ofthe cross-section area of the outlet m, and the minimum volume of airconstantly admitted through the gate-controlled inlet 03 of thedraft-chamber must not be less than. approximately one-sixth of thecross-section of the outlet m. Thus when the gate of the air-inlet ofthe controlling-draft chamber is wide open I still have one-third inarea of the draft up the chimney drawing through the combustion chamber.By proportioning the parts as mentioned, the gates of the air-inlets ofthe draft-chamber and the controlling-draft chamber provide reliablemeans for controlling the intensity of the fire in my stove according toexisting conditions and requirements. These fea tures also render myfurnace an efiicient heating device for all altitudes and climates.

The principle of operation of my furnace will now be readily understood.The draft of the chimney is apportioned between, and changeable from,the draft-chamber 0 to the chamber 9, and vice versa. The admission ofair through the draft-chamber c is adjustable for limiting the air-draftto the fuel proportionately to the desired degree of heat. The twostreams of air simultaneously drawn by the chimney through the chambersc and g, respectively, may be said to be balanced, either one beingrelatively increased as the other is proportionately de creased. Thisresult is attained because the gate-controlled air-inlets of saidchambers c, g, and the outlet from the chamber 9 to the chimney are,respectively, relatively proportioned as described.

By opening slightly the door 71 of the con trolling-draft chamber g, andclosing the gate of the air-inlet of the draft-chamber c, the strong airsuction of the chimney through the chamber 9 cuts off the weaker draftthrough the chamber a, and the fire will consequently die out in a shorttime. In order to accomplish this result, however, the combustionchamber, a, above the grate, I), must be sealed against the ingress ofair, as mentioned; for, if there should be any leakage of air into thecombustion chamber, the drafts could not be efliciently controlled andthe fire might continue burning, notwithstanding, until all the fuel onthe grate is consumed.

The described construction also enables me to so adjust the drafts as tokeep a steady, economical and eflicient fire indefinitely; in otherWords, using up the fuel in a most economical manner, regardless of thequantity of fuel on the grate, at the same time getting a constant andcontinuing degree of heat, until all the fuel on the grate is consumed.And all the attention my furnace requires for this purpose is anoccasional shaking of the grate.

For a slow steady fire the gate j of the airinlet 2' of the door of thecontrolling'draftchamber 9 is opened Wide, and the gate 6 of theairinlet (Z of the draft-chamber 0 may be closed entirely, since itsperforations will still admit su'fiicient air to keep the fire alive,and prevent undue accumulation of gases and danger of explosion. Thisresult could not be had in furnaces of common construc- 5 tion forobvious reasons.

By reason of my furnace being air-tight at the top and sides, above thegrate, all the air which enters into the combustion chamber must, in thefirst instance, pass through the grate and the bed of coals thereon,thus becoming heated. The waste gases, being very much lighter than air,are easily drawn off by a gentle draft through the passage- Way into thecontrollingdraft chamber, and thence up the fine of the stack, while theheat is held in and radiated from the dome or upper part of thecombustion chamber.

In order to replenish the fuel While there is still a fire in myfurnace, the draft through the gate of the air-inlet of the chamber 0must be closed, and the gate of the controlling-draft chamber 9' opened,and after a few minutes the bed of fuel on the grate b will have only aslight fire on the under side, but no smoke. The fuel bed must not bestirred, but the fresh fuel placed on top thereof, and then thefuel-opening of the casing, a, is closed up air-tight again. The gate jof the controlling-draft chamber 9 is then closed and the gate 6 of thedraft-chamber c is opened wide until the fire is burning brightly, thenthe gate 7' of the controllingdraft chamber 9 should be openedsufficiently to prevent the flame and heat, from being drawn up thechimney. After a while both drafts are adjusted, as required, to ontaina constant temperature of the desired degree. Y

The frame of the door, 0, of the fuel in let,n, must have an airand-gas-tight con tact with. the casing portion to which it is attached.The gate 6 of the draft chamber 0 must'have a substantially air-tightfit at its rim with the casing against which it abuts, for otherwise theamount of air admitted through the aperture of the door could not be asefficiently regulated.

The bottom of. the combustion chamber may be arranged as more clearlyillustrated in Fig. 5. The grated member Z has an aperture 9, in Whichis rotatably seated a circular grated plate 1. The member Z rests onlugs s and is adapted for lateral movement by the handle 3, for shakingdown the ashes; and the member r may be rotated on its pivots by thehandle i If deemed convenient, the bottom '0 of the chamber 0 may beprovided with an opening (see Fig. 8) closed by a hinged trap-door 1 0.The rim of the opening for the latter is made with a flange w to providea seat for a removable plate preferably, provided with an asbestos underface. See Figs. 1 and 6. The purpose of this plate y is to effect anair-tight closure for the trap door 1/.) when first starting the fire.Afterward the air-tight closure is effected by ashes raked over saidtrap door and the may be dispensed with.

A convenient manner of arranging the trap door it is illustrated in Fig.8. it is hinged at its rear end 2', and the front end plate 1 thereof issupported in horizontal position by a latch 2, provided with a hole 2",in which is inserted a poker. When the latch is thrown up, as shown indotted outline in Fig. 8, the trap door when the trapdoor is lifted backto its horizontal position it will pass the nose of the latch 2, liftingthe same out of the way, and the latter will then drop back to itsnormal position, and support the trap door.

By having reference to Figs. 1 and 5, it will be seen that thepassage-Way connecting the upper portion of the combustion chamber, a,with the controllingdraft chamher 9 is in the nature of a pipe. Insteadof such construction, however, it may be found convenient where, forexample, Wood fuel is to be used, to pr vide instead two'ducts 3, i,located at the sides, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, thereby providinggreater fuel space. The parts Z, r of Fig. 7 are sub stantially the sameas the parts Z, 1* shown in Fig. 5.

A fuel-opening, it, may be provided in the upper portion of thecombustion chamber. Such fuel-opening is provided with a ground rimagainst which fits a door 0, also made with 'a. ground. rim, so as tohave an air-ancbgas-tight fit when closed. The door 0 is provided with acentral inwardly projecting stud screw 79, which screws into a threadedaperture provided in the central portion 5 of the arm 6, provided with abent portion. 7 hinged to the inner side of the casing 8. The left end,9, of the aunt, as shown in Fig. 3, is adapted to constitute a'latchengaging with a lug 10 provided on the interior of the casing 8. Bylifting on the knob 11, the door 0 is slightly rotated, andsimultaneously the latch-end 9 of the arm 7 is disengaged from the lug10 and the (1001' may be opened to throw in fuel.

wwill drop down, and

' the interior of'the casingl2, To regulate InF-ig; l'is shown aconvenient construction for the gate covering the air-inlet in the wall12 ofthe draftchamber a, this construction being disclosed in my PatentNO, 1,058,025 dated April 1, 1913. Therim of the air inlet CZ1 l121S around face a ainst which abuts the rim of the gate 6, also proided witha ground rim. To the casing 12 is hinged an arm 13, (see Fig. l) thefree end 14: of which is adapted to serve asa latch,engaging with a lug15, provided on -,open wide, for when standing ajarit just admitssufficient excess of air through chamberg to put out the fire onthe-grate, while if the door it is opened toowide it, isliable to causemy furnace to smoke The door It is caused tostand ajar, as mentioned, byelongating thefhole of the lug 23 for its upper hinge-piniQd, so as tomake gravity hold the door in proper position.

In Fig. (5 the'top of the combustion chamberis' provided with aninterior flange 19,

providing an annular pocket in which to 7 hold -stove-putty, ashes, orother suitable substance. The top plate 20 is made with circumferentialpendent flanges 21, seated pair-tight in said pocket. The top-plate 20is provided with a rim-flange 22, converting the same into a receptaclefor holding water.

I claim: i i

1. In a heater, the combination of a combustion chamber sealed above.the grate against the ingress of air, a grate in the bottomof thecombustion chamber, a draft chamber below said grate and provided withan air-inlet adapted to admit contlnuously a minimum volume of air,means for controlling the air-inlet for regulating the admission of airtothe draft chamber be tween the minimum and maximum supply, a draftcontrolling chamber separated from the draft chamber and having anoutlet to the flue of the stack and an air-inlet opening opposite theoutlet opening for creating a current of airthrough'said chamber, adamper for controlling the admission of air through the air-inletopening in the draft to controlling chamber, and a diving flue extendingfrom the combustion chamber above the bed of fuel andthrough the grateand communicating with said draft controlling.

chamber, said flue discharging into said air current in the draftcontrolling chamber 2. In a heater, the combination of a combustionchamber sealed above the grate against the ingress of air, a grate inthe bottom of the combustion chamber, a draft chamber below said grateand having an air-inlet adapted to admit continuously a minimum volumeof air, a draft controlling chamber separated from the draft chamber andhaving an outlet to the flue of the stack and an air-inlet openingformed near the bottom and located opposite the outlet to create acurrent of air through the draft controlling chamber, a damper forcontrolling the air-inlet, and a flue extending from the top of thedraft controlling chamber through the draft chamber and into thecombustion chamber and terminating above the level of the fuel, saidflue discharging into saidair current in the draft controlling chamber.

8. In a heater, the combination of acombustion chamber sealed above thegrate against the ingress of air, a grate in the bottom of thecombustion chamber, a draftchamber below said grate and provided with anair-inlet adapted to admit continuously a minimum volume of air, a draftcontrolling chamber separated from the draft chamher and having anoutlet to the flue of the stack and an opening near the bottom andopposite the outlet to create a current of air through the draftcontrolling chamber, a door for the opening, said door having anair-inlet, a damper for the air-inlet and a diving flue communicatingwith the com bustion chamber above the bed of fuel and extending belowthe grate and into the top I of the draft controlling chamber, said diving flue discharging into said air current in the draft controllingchamber.

l. In a heater, the combination of a combustion chamber sealed above thegrate against the ingress of air, a grate in the bottom of thecombustion chamber, means for introducing a regulated supply of airbelow the grate, a draft controlling chamber formed with opposite inletand outlet openings, to create a current of air through the draftcontrolling chamber, the outlet opening being of lesser area than thatof the inlet. opening, means for regulating the admission of air in themlet opening of the draft controlling chamber, and a diving flueextending from the combustion chamber above the bed of fuel and belowthe grate and terminating in the draft controlling chamber in adifferent plane than the plane of the air inlet and outlet openingstherein, said diving flue discharging into the current of air in thedraft controlling chamber.

5. In a heater, the combination of a combustion chamber which is sealedabove the grate against the ingress of air, a grate in the bottom of thecombustion chamber, means for introducing a regulated supply of airbelow the grate, a draft controlling chamber formed with an inletopening and an outlet opening, said openings being opposite each other,and a diving flue communicating with the combustion chamber above thebed of fuel and extending below the grate and communicating with theupper portion of the draft controlling chamber above the level of theinlet and outlet openings therein, said diving flue discharging theproducts of combustion directly into the path of the air current flowingfrom the inlet to the outlet openings in the draft controlling chamber.

6. In a stove, the combination of a combustion chamber which is sealedabove the grate against the ingress of air, a grate in the combustionchamber, a draft chamber, a draft controlling chamber located below thecombustion chamber, an exit flue communicating with the draftcontrolling chamber, means for introducing to the draft chamber aconstant minimum supply of air and a regulatable supply of air inaddition to the constant minimum supply of air, both said supplies ofair passing through thefuel to promote combustion in the combustionchamber, a flue communicating with the air tight combustion chamberabove the plane of the top of the fuel and extending to and discharginginto said draft controlling chamber, and an adjustable damper in thedraft controlling chamber to regulate the current of air passing throughsaid chamber to the exit flue, said air current acting on the productsof combustion delivered from the exit of the flue to control thecombustion in the combustion chamber.

7. In a heater, the combination of a com bustion chamber sealed abovethe grate against the ingress of air, a grate in the bottom of thecombustion chamber, a draft chamber below said grate and provided withan air-inlet adapted to admit continuously a minimum volume of air, adraft controlling chamber separated from the draft chamber and having anoutlet to the flue of the stack and an air inlet opening to create acurrent of air through the draft controlling chamber, a door for the airinlet opening, said door having an air-inlet of smaller area than thestack, a damper for such airinlet, and a diving flue communicating withthe combustion chamber above the bed of fuel and extending below thegrate and communicating with the top of the draft controlling chamber,said diving flue discharging into said air current in vthe draftcontrolling chamber.

8. In a stove, the combination of a combustion chamber the upper portionof which is sealed above the grate against the ingress of air, a gratein the bottom of the coinbustion chamber, a draft chamber below thegrate and having an air inlet adapted to admit continuously a minimumvolume of air, means for admitting a regulated maximum supply of airthrough the bodyof fuel in the combustion chamber, a draft controllingchamber, a draft flue extending from the combustion chamber above thebed of fuel and below the grate and discharging into said draftcontrollingchamber, means for creating a current. of air through saiddraft controlling chamber so as to intersect the current of airdischarging by the draft flue to the draft controlling chamber, andmeans for regulating the air current passing through the draftcontrolling chamber.

9. In a stove, the combination of a combustion chamber, a grate in thebottom of the combustion chamber, said combustion chamber being sealedabove the grate against the ingress of air, an air tight fuel cover inthe combustion chamber, a draft chamber below the grate, adjustablemeans for admit ting a constant minimum supply of air and a regulatablesupply of air in addition to the constant minimum supply of air to thedraft chamber, a draftcontrolling chamber located in a lower plane thanthe combustion chamber, said draft. controlling chamber having an airinlet opening and an exit opening, the combined area of the air inletsin the draft chamber and the draft controlling chamber being greaterthan the area of the exit opening, an adjustable damper for regulatingthe air admitted through the inlet opening in the draft controllingchamher, a flue communicating with the air tight combustion chamberabove the level of the flue therein, said flue communicating with thedraft controlling chamber and discharging the products of, combustionabove the level of the bottom of the exit opening, whereby thecombustion in the combustion chamber may be controlled by a current ofair passing through the draft controlling chamber, and the regulatedsupply of air passing through the fuel from the draft chamber.

10. In a heater the combination of a combustion chamber sealed againstthe ingress of air above the grate, a grate in the combustion chamber, adraft controlling chamber provided with an exit opening, a draft chambercommunicating with the combustion chamber, a diving flue communicatingwith the combustion chamber above the level of the fuel therein andpassing below said combustion chamber and discharging into the draftcontrolling chamber, means for admitting a minimum constant supply ofair to the draft chamber to at all times promote a limited degree ofcombustion in the combustion chamber, and for introducing an increasedvolume of air to the draft chamber in excess to and separate from theminimum supply, and means for introducing a regulated supply of air tothe draft controlling chamber toretard the combustion in the combustionchamber, the said.v air being of air above the grate, a grate in thecoinbustion chamber, a draft controlling chamber provided with anexitopening, a draft chamber communicating with the combustion chamber andformed with openings for the admission of a minimum and constant supplyof air tov at all times promote a limited degree of combustion in thecom bustion chamber,'a draft iiue communicating with the combustionchamber beyond the surface of the fuelftherein and extending below theair tight.combustionchamber and discharging into the draft controllingchamber, means for admittinga regulated supply of air to the draftchamber in excess to and 7 separate from the minimum supply, and

means for introducing. a regulated supply of air to. the draftcontrolling chamber to retardthe combustion in the combustion chamber,the said airbeing drawn through the draft controlling chamber under theinfluence of the draft in the exit flue and thereby. overcomingthe forceof the draft and controlling the same at'the discharge end of the draftflue.

12. In a stove, the combination of a combustion chamber, an air tightfuel cover in thecombustion chamber, a grate in thebottomofthecombustion chambr, said combustion-chamber.being sealed against-theingress of air above the grate, a draft chamber below the combustionchamber and providedwith an opening to supply a constant current of airwhich passes through the grate and the body of fuel, a draft controllingchamber located in lower plane than the combustion chamber and providedwith an inlet opening and an exit opening, a flue communicating withthecombustion chamber above the-level of the fuel therein and extendingbelowthe latterand discharging into the draft controlling chamber, andmeans for regulating the admission of air through the inlet opening inthe draft controlling chamber which with the constant current of airpassing through the fuel under the influence of the draft in the exitopening, controls the discharge of the combustion from the flue andregulates the com.- bustion in the combustion chamber.

13. In a stove, the combination of a casing provided with a combustionchamber sealed against the ingress of air above the grate, an air tightfuel cover for the combustion chamber, a grate in the bottom of thecombustion chamber, a draft chamber below and communicating with the airtight combustion chamber through the grate, a draft controlling chamberbelow the draft chamber, a line communicating with the air tightcombustion chamber, above the bed of fuel and extending below the grateand com municating with the draft controlling chainber, said draftcontrolling chamber having an air inlet and an outlet, the draft chamberhaving an opening for admitting a constant supply of air to the bottomof the fuel, the said opening being of less area than the area of theair inlet in the draft controlling chamber, and means for regulating theair inlet opening in the draft controlling chamber, whereby the maximumsupply of air will overcome the draft passing through the flue, andchoke the combustion in the combustion chamber.

M. In a heater, the combination of a casing provided with a combustionchamber ineluding a grate, an air tight fuel cover for the combustionchamber, said combustion chamber being sealed against the ingress of airabove the grate, a draft chamber under the grate, said draft chamberhaving air inlets for the admission of a constant mini mum supply, ofair and a regulatable maximum supply of air in addition to the minimumsupply of air to promote combustion in the combustion chamber, a draftcontrolling chamber, a diving flue communicating with the draftcontrolling chamber and pass-- ing through the draft chamber and thegrate and terminating in the combustion chamber above the level of thefuel, the draft controlling chamber having an exit flue communicatingtherewith, said draft controlling chamber havingan air inlet opening, adam-- per for regulating the latter air inlet opening, and a dampercontrolled inlet opening for admitting a current of air near the bottomof the draft controlling chamber where by to control the discharge ofthe combustion from the diving fine and regulating the combustion in thecombustion chamber.

. MARY A. MALLOY. Witnesses:

W. 1. Animus, Geo. W., MORGAN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

' Washington, I). C.

